As I wrote in a previous installment of my links of the week, I discovered a really nice replacement for py2exe. However, pyinstaller doesn’t seem to play nice with PyQt…

The documentation and mailing lists suggest adding hooks for “hidden imports” in the pyinstaller/hooks directory. I’ve been having problems with this for quite some time:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 47, in 
NameError: name 'QtGui' is not defined

Whenever I attempt to run an executable built from my Qt application. I’ve tried creating a hooks-PyQt4.QtGui.py, hooks-PyQt4.QtGui.py, and a number of permutations thereof without much luck. So, I decided to go back to trying out py2exe only to discover that the problem I was having with it was due to a really stupid mistake on my part.

As it turns out, you cannot simply create a setup.py setup script anywhere you like, even during testing. Here’s my application layout (roughly):

Chatly/
  chatly/
    client/
      ui/
        __init__.py
        qtui.py
        ui.py
      __init__.py
      client.py
    server/
    __init__.py

I had placed my setup.py under Chatly/chatly/client temporarily in the hopes it’d save some typing when indicating the script path during the build process. ‘Course, if I had been thinking clearly about previous .eggs I’ve built, I should have known this wouldn’t work. Nevertheless, I tried it and ran into this:

D:\python25\lib\distutils\dist.py:263: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option:
 'console'
  warnings.warn(msg)
usage: setup.py [global_opts] cmd1 [cmd1_opts] [cmd2 [cmd2_opts] ...]
   or: setup.py --help [cmd1 cmd2 ...]
   or: setup.py --help-commands
   or: setup.py cmd --help

error: invalid command 'py2exe'

(Yeah, this is from Windows. Since I’m building a Windows app in Python, it’s a necessity. Cygwin doesn’t work for this in particular, unfortunately. I hate the command prompt–it’s too anemic and lacks the utility of a proper shell.)

Since I’ve always created Python applications in distributable packages (like eggs) the right way, I’ve never experienced this particular error. When I was searching Google for clues, I expected some obvious answer. There weren’t any. Some people discovered they had py2exe installed twice (how?) and others were simply not using the correct arguments passed to setup(). Since my setup.py looked like this:

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from setuptools import setup
import py2exe
setup(windows=["chatly/client/ui/qtui.py"])

I was pretty sure that wasn’t a problem. I did read the py2exe documentation, after all.

Then I tried something. I figured that if, perhaps, py2exe were causing a problem, I could simply uninstall it, run the setup.py as it existed, and it’d generate an ImportError, right?

Nope. Same error.

That was when I began to realize it was some rather stupid mistake on my part with the choice of positioning for setup.py. When I moved it to the project root outside any package where it’s supposed to live, it worked fine. Oops.

The problem with building a PyQt application still troubled me, though. The documentation for py2exe is fairly extensive (thankfully), and after some digging around, I discovered that the missing QtGui import–rather, the one that wasn’t working–could be resolved similarly to the _qt issue mentioned in py2exe’s documentation. The result was a setup.py that looks like this:

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from setuptools import setup
import py2exe
setup(windows=["chatly/client/ui/qtui.py"], options={"py2exe": {
         "includes": ["sip", "PyQt4.QtGui"]}})

PyQt4.QtGui is required to import the Qt GUI classes since they’re evidently not imported by py2exe’s internals during build. sip is also required (it’s a part of the PyQt build process) and without it, nothing will work.

The finished product is a distributable package that works rather nicely–on Windows.

wxPython has been annoying me with the inconsistent behavior of its splitter window. Perhaps I’m doing something wrong, but the framework in general isn’t exactly fun to develop in. I’ve since discovered PyQt and while it’s not exactly Pythonic, it seems to make more sense. However, if you’re moving from wxPython to PyQt, you might be aware that there’s no obvious method of centering the main window on the screen. I’ve seen at least one method so far (to which I replied as my alter ego, Zancarius), but it doesn’t take into account something fairly minor but of some significance:

Windows have borders around them in most desktop environments!

Window borders can range from fairly minor (4 pixels around each side adding a total of 8 pixels horizontally and vertically) to imposing (16 pixels or more). Unfortunately, QWidget.geometry() and friends only return a QSize object describing the geometry of the contained window rather than the containing window. It seems insignificant, sure, but if you want pixel-perfect alignment, you have to use something else:

QWidget.frameSize()

frameSize() will return the size of the entire window, border included. Here’s a method you can include in your own classes as in this example:

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class ExampleWindow (QtGui.QMainWindow):
    def __init__ (self, parent=None):
        '''constructor'''
        QtGui.QMainWindow.__init__(self, parent)
        self.setGeometry(0, 0, 650, 550)
        self.setWindowTitle("My Example Application")
        self.centerOnScreen()
 
    def centerOnScreen (self):
        '''centerOnScreen()
Centers the window on the screen.'''
        resolution = QtGui.QDesktopWidget().screenGeometry()
        self.move((resolution.width() / 2) - (self.frameSize().width() / 2),
                  (resolution.height() / 2) - (self.frameSize().height() / 2))

centerOnScreen() works by taking the desktop’s current resolution and dividing it by 2 to get half of the viewport. Next, it takes half of the window size (including the border) and subtracts that from the viewport half. This provides an origin for the upper-left corner of the window to be located such that the window itself is fully “centered.”

Simple, huh?

I’m a little late this time around.

• PyPy’s developers appear to have given it a boost and it’s now 50% faster than CPython in some tests. ‘Course, this is development code only, but I think it’s pretty impressive for what essentially mounts to a self-hosted Python interpreter.

• The German Tank Problem, explained. Yeah, it may be a pointless read for some, but I found it to be rather fascinating–and I’m not a math guy. This is the kind of real world stuff they ought to use in schools.

• Smashing Magazine has a fascinating article on 10 UI design patterns you should be paying attention to. It’s definitely worth a read for those of you with a knack for design. (I’m not exactly one of those types, but this is definitely worth a read for self-improvement. I know I’ll be putting these tips to good use in the future.)

• Did you know? There’s some extraordinarily fascinating evidence that your brain associates tools as if they’re temporary parts of your body. This is why we don’t have to watch our mouth while brushing our teeth. Since the brain views the toothbrush as an extension of our arms, it knows precisely where the brush is located in relation to our teeth. Neat stuff, huh?

• Besides the notion of China having a lottery, there are stranger coincidences when dealing with impressively large populations. If true, that has got to be the weirdest thing I’ve read.

• I couldn’t quite get the latest version of Py2EXE working without totally trashing distutils every time it attempted to run. I have found a suitable replacement called PyInstaller. It seems to work well and with minimal fuss. I like it. Oh, and you can bundle packages for most operating systems (though, I’d suggest looking at Freeze for *nix-specific distribution). I’m not sure how well it handles .eggs, though.

• Henrik Edberg has an uplifting post on Gandhis’ top 10 fundamentals for changing the world. Hey, I found it inspirational!

• Ever been curious about the release timeline of different web browsers including some you may have never heard of? Take a look at this chart on Wikipedia.